What is the function of ethylene in plants?

Ethylene primarily serves as a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the ripening of fruits. When ethylene is produced, it triggers a series of biochemical processes that lead to the transformation of fruit from an immature state to a mature and edible one. This includes changes in color, flavor, texture, and aroma, making them appealing for consumption. In many fruits, this ripening process is not only vital for the individual fruit's development but also affects surrounding fruits, as the release of ethylene can promote ripening in adjacent produce through a process called climacteric ripening.

The other roles mentioned—like promoting root growth, inhibiting growth, or stimulating leaf growth—are associated with different plant hormones. For instance, auxins are more commonly related to root and leaf growth, while gibberellins can stimulate overall growth. Understanding ethylene's specific role in ripening is essential, especially in agricultural practices, as it has significant implications for harvesting and storage of fruits.