What process begins the growth of the embryonic plant inside a seed?

The growth of the embryonic plant inside a seed is initiated by the process of germination. During germination, the seed absorbs water, swelling and breaking its outer shell. This activation process triggers metabolic activities that lead to the growth of the seed’s embryo. It transforms the dormant state of the seed into an active one, allowing the embryonic plant to push through the soil and start its life cycle.

Germination is key because it encompasses the physical and physiological changes that transform seed reserves into energy for growth, leading to the development of the root and shoot systems of the plant.

Fertilization is the prior process where pollen fertilizes the ovule, resulting in the formation of the seed. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen from male to female reproductive structures, leading up to fertilization. Photosynthesis, while essential for a plant's energy production during its growth and development, does not occur until the seedling has emerged from the soil and has developed leaves for sunlight absorption.