What type of bud is formed in the fall and survives winter?

The type of bud formed in the fall that survives winter is known as a dormant bud. Dormant buds enter a state of inactivity to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions, such as cold temperatures and lack of moisture. This adaptation is crucial for the plant's survival during winter when growth is not feasible.

Dormant buds have a protective outer layer, often covered by scales or a thickened epidermis, which shields the meristematic tissue within from freezing temperatures. When spring arrives and conditions become favorable again, these dormant buds break their dormancy and begin to grow, leading to the development of new leaves or flowers.

In contrast, apical buds are typically active and involved in the growth at the tips of stems; excurrent buds refer more to growth habits rather than survival strategies; and active buds are those that are currently growing and not necessarily adapted for winter survival. Thus, the role of dormant buds is critical for plants to survive the harsh conditions of winter.