Which branching pattern has no dominant stem or bud in the mature plant?

The correct answer is that the deliquescent branching pattern has no dominant stem or bud in the mature plant. In this pattern, the growth consists of multiple major branches that arise from the trunk, each of which tends to grow outward and upward. As a result, the tree has a broad, treetop shape with many equal branches rather than one central leader dominating the architecture of the plant.

Deliquescent trees often exhibit a more expansive canopy and a complex structure, allowing for maximum light exposure for all its branches, which can enhance photosynthesis. This growth strategy can be beneficial in various ecological niches, providing a versatile structure for interaction with different species and the environment.

In contrast, apical dominance refers to the phenomenon where the main stem or trunk of a plant grows more vigorously than its lateral buds due to the inhibitory effects of auxins produced at the top. Columnar and excurrent branching patterns are characterized by a dominant central leader as well, where vertical growth is prioritized, leading to a more pointed or conical shape in trees. Thus, in these patterns, the dominance of one stem or branch is a key feature, unlike in the deliquescent pattern.