Which structure on the root protects the meristematic region?

The root cap is the structure that protects the meristematic region of a plant's root. The meristematic region is crucial because it contains actively dividing cells that facilitate root growth. The root cap is located at the tip of the root and serves to shield these sensitive cells as the root pushes through the soil.

The root cap not only protects the meristem but also helps in sensing gravity and direction, guiding the root's growth downwards. It produces a slimy substance that aids in reducing friction with the surrounding soil, allowing for easier penetration. This protective function is vital for the survival and development of the plant, particularly in establishing a stable and effective root system.

Other structures such as root hairs are involved in absorption and increasing the surface area for water and nutrient uptake, while the endodermis and pericycle have roles related to regulation and support in the root’s internal structure but do not specifically protect the growing meristematic region.